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The production of urban electric transport is a branch of Russian engineering. Russia has the largest number of trolley (85) and tram systems (86) in the world. == History of trams == In 1860 the first urban horse railway line (a predecessor of trams), known as ''konka''—from the Russian ''kon'', "horse"—opened in Saint Petersburg. The first electric tram line in the Russian Empire opened in Kiev in 1892. That year, tram production began at the Kolomna Locomotive Works. Before World War I trams were produced at Sormovo, Mytishchi, Nikolaev, Riga and Saint Petersburg, but much of the rolling stock was imported. In 1899, Kursk and Oryol introduced tram lines. During World War I, the October Revolution and the Civil War tram production was suspended. As the economy of the USSR recovered, tram production resumed in Sormovo, Kharkov, Mytishchi and Kiev. In 1934 the Petersburg Tram Mechanical Factory, the USSR's first dedicated tram factory, opened. Three years later, tram production began at UKVZ. During the Great Patriotic War, tram production was again suspended. In 1957 Gotha trams, used on narrow-gauge lines, were imported from the GDR. The following year, Czechoslovak Tatra T2 trams were imported. In 1963 the Tatra T3 tram, one of the most popular models in the USSR and Russia, was introduced; a total of 11,368 were delivered. Later imports were the Tatra T4, T6B5, K2 and KT4. UKVZ began production of the KTM-5 (71-605 class, the world's largest tram car) in 1969; by 1992, about 15,000 cars were produced. In the Soviet era Moscow, Kiev and Ufa had Tatra T3 trams; Kazan and Kolomna had KTM-5s. Trams produced at the Petersburg Tram Mechanical Factory (PTMZ, then the Yegorov Leningrad Car Repair Plant) primarily remained in Leningrad, although some were delivered to other cities. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, used Tatra trams were imported from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. The 1990s began a period of decline; in some cities lines were closed, and in others the tracks were removed. In 2005 production of the first Russian semi-low-floor tram, the LVS-2005, began. Three years later Russia's first three-section articulated tram, the LVS-2009 (71-154 class), was introduced. In 2013, the Petersburg Tram Mechanical Factory declared bankruptcy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urban electric transport in Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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